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Ecological products, also known as environmental goods, are those considered more environmentally friendly. These products are designed to be more energy-efficient, use fewer resources, and emit less pollution than their traditional counterparts. Some examples of ecological products include solar panels, wind turbines, electric cars, and water filtration systems.

A country's comparative advantage is commonly measured by the Balassa index. An index above one indicates a comparative advantage, while an index below one indicates a comparative disadvantage. In the Americas, only Mexico has a comparative advantage, while most countries have a strong comparative disadvantage. In 2021, global trade in ecological products amounted to $1.8 trillion and is dominated by a small group of economies.

Ecological goods are essential in the transition to a sustainable, low-carbon economy as they improve efficiency, reduce emissions, conserve natural resources, and improve air and water quality. Trade policy plays an important role in the trade of these products as economies seek to develop and adopt more environmentally friendly technologies.

Retrieved from:

Morales, R. (2023, 16 de abril). México con ventajas para exportar productos ecológicos: UNCTAD. El Economista. Recuperado el 21 de abril de 2023, de https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/Mexico-con-ventajas-para-exportar-productos-ecologicos-UNCTAD-20230416-0072.html